Fπ15 in Raleigh follows in a line of the Fπ conferences from Japan (Osaka 1989, 1999, 2006, Kobe 1992), USA (Santa Cruz 1995, Ithaca 2004, Atlanta 2010, Seattle 2015), Europe (Ulm-Germany 2002, Graz-Austria 2008, Arcachon-France 2013, Berlin 2019), and China (Beijing 2011, Hong Kong 2017). It initially started as the “International Symposium on Functional Dyes” in 1989. To broaden the scope of the conference and to adjust to the developments in academic and industrial research, it was renamed to the “International Symposium on Functional π-Electron Systems” in 2002.
